The passive voice
302 Form A The passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb to be into the same tense as the active verb and adding the past participle of the active verb. The subject of the active verb becomes the ’agent’ of the passive verb. The agent is very often not mentioned. When […]
Care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish
294 care and like care is chiefly used in the negative and interrogative. A care for + noun/gerund is very similar to like + noun/gerund. We can say: (a) Does/Did Tom can for living in the country? or Dots/Did Tom like living in the country? (b) You don 7 care for science fiction, do you? […]
The subjunctive
290 Form A The present subjunctive has exactly the same form as the infinitive; therefore the present subjunctive of to be is be for all persons, and the present subjunctive of all other verbs is the same as their present tense except that a is not added for the third person singular: The queen lives […]
Commands, requests, invitations, advice, suggestions,
281 Commands expressed by the imperative A The second person imperative 1 This has the same form as the bare infinitive: Hurry! Wait! Stop! For the negative we put do not (don’t) before the verb: Don’t hurry! 2 The person addressed is very often not mentioned, but can be expressed by a noun placed at […]
The participles
272 The present (or active) participle A Form The infinitive + ing. e.g. working, loving, sitting. B Use 1 To form the continuous tenses (see 164, 178 etc.): He is working. You ’ve been dreaming. 2 As adjectives (see 17): running water floating wreckage dripping taps leaking pipes Here there is equal stress on participle […]
Infinitive and gerund constructions
266 Verbs which may take either infinitive or gerund ’ ’ – °^ need (267) advise (see 267) agree (269) allow (267) begin (267) can/could bear (267) cease (267) continue (267) /or#r/ (268) fcate (295) intend (267) Me (295) low (295) mean (269) need (267) permit (267) pr«/er (295) pro/wse (269) recommend(2f>1) regret (268) remember […]
The gerund
259 A 257 Form and use The gerund has exactly the same form as the present participle: running, speaking, working elc. It can be used in the following ways: (a) as subject of a sentence: Dancing bored him. (see 258) (b) as complement of a verb: Her hobby is painting. (c) after prepositions: He was […]
The infinitive
238 Form Examples of infinitive forms* Present infinitive Present continuous infinitive Perfect infinitive Perfect continuous infinitive Present infinitive passive Perfect infinitive passive to work, to do to be working to be doing to have worked, to have done to haw been working to have been doing to be done to have been done B The […]
Other uses of will / would. shall /should
230 A -il/shall in cotfl**’ see 282. For ^ ^ould in requests, see 284. For w*| ’ uid in invitations, see 286. For w»’” rf/snould used with like, prefer, wish etc.., see ForW«”’a chaptef 29. . $ expressed by will, would tne present are normally expressed by the simnple present Habits |” ^ ^j,, + […]
The conditional
The conditional tenses 219 The present conditional tense A This is formed with would/should + infinitive for the first person and would -i- infinitive for the other persons. . ,,».j -i-i-i-.ij …^.fc B Affirmative Negative Interrogative Negative interrogative / would/I’d work or 1 should work you would/you ’d work etc. / would not/wouldn ’t work […]